NOTES. 435 



Xilsson found an Anodonta on the sea-shore in Sweden and Norway. 



yt-ritina riridis in the sea, in 3-10 fathoms, and in estuaries in the 

 West Indies. 



>-itina matoaia (Risso) at Nice. 



There are many brackish and salt water species among the Neritinee, 

 and several of them are highly characteristic of their habitat. I my- 

 self found not less than 16 or 17 species in the Philippines. In pure 

 salt water (3-4 per cent.) I found Neritina Mortoniana, pulchella, and 

 panafuris new sp., all belonging to the same group. In brackish 

 water, or in spots bathed by salt and fresh water alternately, were 

 the following : .V. 3f0rtoniana, paradoxa (new sp., cassicnlnm ; then 

 iubaurieulata and four allied species; in the mangrove swamps, N. 

 communis, :ic:c, and a few other species, and finally, in the same 

 locality, but exclusively on the trees, JV". dubia, cornea, and mbfiilcata. 



Melanopgig costata, in the Dead Sea (Schmarda, Geoff, der TJiiere, 

 i. p. 53). 



Rissoa iilr<r, a Hydrobia, in slightly salt water or in very salt water. 



Vertebrata. 



Gattcrortnt* anleatiu 1 Qnlf rf 



Anyuilla fluriatilis j 



In the brackish water of the Baltic Archipelago, according to 

 Eckstrom, the following fresh-water fishes are found living : 



Cvttus ffoMo, JMa tulyarii, Gagterosteus, Acerina, Lvcioperca, and 

 thirteen Cyprinidne. 



Eichwald found the following fishes in the Caspian Sea : Cyprinvt, 

 E*ox, Perca, Lncwj>erca,and. Cobitis, associated with true marine species 

 - Clupea, Syng-nathnt, Gobins. 



If we regard the Crocodile as a typical fresh- water animal, we must 

 mention here that Crocodilus biporcatus of the eastern hemisphere, 

 and an American species, according to Humboldt, live in the sea. Anibly- 

 rhijnchux ater is also a marine reptile. 



The mammalia and birds that live in the sea can scarcely be in- 

 cluded under this head, and an enumeration of them would be super- 

 fluous, as they are very generally known. 



yote 57, page 146. All sea-snakes are viviparous. The females retire 

 to hollows in the rocks in low islands where the young are born, and 

 they do not immediatelj- abandon them, though it is not known how long 

 they remain with them. I found once on the east coast of Mindanao 

 an enormous female, apparently of Plat unit fasciatus, lying quietly 

 curled up between limestone cliffs, and among its rings and partly on 

 its b3dy lay at least twenty young ones which already measured, as I 

 should estimate, more than two feet in length. It was by the narrowest 

 chance that in climbing over the cliffs I did not walk into this nest of 



