Glacial Action in Britain 165 



of Scotland. They apparently belonged to the latest part 

 of the Glacial Period, and were associated with a gradual 

 rise of the land. No such moraines, or ice scratches, or 

 other signs of glacial action, had been found in the Peak of 

 Derbyshire, though abundant evidence of the former presence 

 of ice had been met with in the adjacent region. 



Dr. Frankland remarked that he had observed glacial 

 striation in Craven (Yorkshire), and some remarks were 

 made about rocks on the islets around Spitzbergen being 

 scored by floating icebergs. 



Dr. Hooker exhibited photographs of drawings by Dr. 

 Hector, made in the South Island of New Zealand, at com- 

 paratively low levels above the sea, which showed the 

 effect of glacial action and much resembled similar 

 phenomena in the Himalayas. Glaciers still existed in New 

 Zealand at about [2400] feet * above the sea. 



He also showed a Japanese botanical work, with well- 

 executed outline illustrations of the plants. He thought 

 this was the first instance of an original work on natural 

 history in the East. 



Mr. Busk said that a large cavern had been discovered in 

 the Rock of Gibraltar during the excavation of a tank, and 

 had been traced to a depth of above 100 yards. In its 

 uppermost part works of art and bones of men had been found 

 associated with those of numerous animals. Others lay 

 beneath a stalagmite floor, among which were a hyaena, 

 leopard, deer, and two species of rhinoceros (both probably 

 extinct). The fauna was African in character, and he, with 

 Dr. Falconer, was now engaged in working it out. 



Nov. 26th, I5ist meeting. Colonel Sykes commented 

 on a recent balloon ascent by Mr. Glaisher. 2 At a height 

 of 22,000 feet it passed through a dry cloud, having a tem- 

 perature of 18 F., the air in which was not saturated; 



1 The manuscript omits the figure. On the eastern side of the New- 

 Zealand Alps the end of the Tasman Glacier is about 2350 feet ; on the 

 western one the Fox Glacier comes down to about 700 feet. 



2 He was accompanied by Mr. Coxwell (on September 5th, 1862). They 

 reached 29,000 feet, at which elevation the latter was just able to open, 

 the valve, Mr. Glaisher having already become insensible. 



