78 The Dog Book 



walking on snow. It is of frequent occurrence in other breeds, and should be removed in 

 early puppyhood, whether loose or attached to the leg. One cause of the fault called 

 "cow-hocked." 



Dished, or Dish-faced. — A hoUowness in the line of the nose from nostrils to eye. The 

 reverse of what would be called Roman-nosed. 



Down-faced. — When the nasal hne does not come out at right angles from the skull, 

 but drops slightly toward the nostrils. 



Dudley, or Dudley-nosed. — A brown- or flesh-coloured nose, which should properly be 

 black. Occasionally met with in bulldogs. 



Elbow. — The joint at the top of the fore-arm (which see) of the leg. See also "out 

 at elbows." 



Expression. — Every breed has its particular or characteristic look, and this term 

 applies thereto. The seat of expression is mainly in the eye, but not solely there. 

 The terrier needs to appear keen and sharp ; the bull-terrier has a cold-blooded, serpent 

 look; the bloodhound is dignified; the spaniel affectionate; the setter intelligent, 

 and so on. A spaniel look in the setter is not the correct expression, nor is that of 

 the terrier in a spaniel. A dog with "good expression" is one with the look typical of 

 the breed. 



Faking. — Changing the shape or natural appearance of the dog with the object of 

 deception as to its true merits. 



Feather. — The long hair fringing the back of the forelegs or below the tail in such 

 breeds as setters, spaniels, wolfhounds, coUies, etc. 



Flat-footed. — A foot which should be well knuckled up, but fails in this respect. 

 When the toes show spaces between them it is then called "splay-footed." 



Flag. — The proper term for the tail of the setter, now fallen into disuse. 



Flews. — Heavy hanging lips, such as are seen on the bloodhound and otter-hoimd. 

 Generally accompanied by Dewlaps. 



Forearm. — The leg from the elbow to the knee, or joint which connects the forearm 

 with the pastern. Practically the foreleg to the non-expert. 



Foreface. — The head in front of the skull. Applied to dogs calling for good length 

 of muzzle, when reference is made to the symmetry of the various lines as viewed from 

 the front. 



Forehand. — A horse term for that portion of the animal which is before the hands of 

 the person on horseback, or what is in front of the saddle. 



Frill. — The long coat below the neck, such as in the collie. A more recent name in 

 some breeds is "apron." 



Froggy. — AppUed to the bulldog when the top Hps overhang the lower and the jaws 

 are level or overshot (which see), giving a soft pug-hke appearance. 



Front. — The position of the forelegs and shoulders as viewed from before the dog. 

 Front varies according to the breed. Terriers are required to have clean sloping shoulders, 

 in a line from the points of which the legs should fall hke a plumb Une, viewed from 

 in front, and the feet should be round and well knuckled up. Such a terrier is said to have 

 a good front. The bulldog front, on the contrary, calls for shoulders heavily muscled, 

 standing well out from the body, the legs then going straight down. A terrier front on a 

 bulldog is simply a death-warrant, and a bulldog front on a terrier deprives him of the 

 benefit of clergy. 



Harefoot. — Resembling the foot of a hare, with a less acute angle of the knuckles of 

 the toes than the cat foot, and the middle toes projecting, but with the foot still well knit 

 together. 



Haw. — The red hning of the lower eye-lid. Seen more particularly in the heavy 

 flewed bloodhound and caused by the drag of the weight of the flews. "Showing the haw" 

 is objectionable in all but a very few breeds. 



