64 Useful Companions of Man. 



baiting is interdicted by act of parliament, the use of the 

 bulldog is confined to the improvement in courage of 

 other breeds, by crossing with them, and in this way the 

 greyhound is supposed to have been brought to perfection 

 by Lord Orford and Mr. Etwall in England, and by Mr. 

 Raimes in Scotland, but a later experiment made by Mr. 

 Hanly has been entirely unsuccessful. The cross with 

 the terrier is an excellent one for general purposes, as I 

 shall presently show. 



The points of the bulldog are as follows, though there 

 is some difference of opinion upon certain of them. The 

 skull should be large, and high, and broad, the cheeks 

 extending prominently beyond tiie eyes, and the forehead 

 should be well creased or wrinkled, and flat. The eyes 

 should be black and round, not very large, situated in 

 front of the head, wide apart, and neither prominent nor 

 deeply set, the corners at right angles with a line drawn 

 down the centre of the face. The stop (which is an in- 

 dentation between the eyes) should extend up the face 

 for a considerable length. The face as short as possible 

 from the front of the cheek-bone to the end of the nose — 

 deeply wrinkled. The muzzle should turn up. The 

 chop — that is, the fleshy part of the muzzle — should be 

 broad and deep, and should perfectly cover the teeth. 

 The nose should be large and black. The lower jaw 

 should project, and the nose should be set well back, and 

 the lower jaw should turn upwards. The neck moderately 

 long, well arched, with a good dewlap. The ears should 

 be small and on the top of the head. Three descriptions 

 of ear are permitted, called "rose," "button," and "tulip." 

 The rose ears fold at the back ; the tip laps over outwards, 

 exposing part of the inside ; the button ear falls in front, 

 hiding the interior completely ; the tulip ear is quite erect, 

 and is allowed to be an undesirable form. Skull, 25 ; 

 ears, 5 ; eyes, 5 ; " stop," 5 ; shortness of face, 5 ; chop, 

 5 ; nose and jaws, 5 ; neck, 5. 



The chest should be wide and deep, the back short, 

 wide across the shoulders, and not so wide across the 

 loins ; ribs round. There should be a slight fall behind 

 the shoulders, and the spine should rise at the loins, 



