Diseases of the Respiratory Organs. 173 



position is made out, the cavity may be opened with the 

 trephine, when the intruder is dislodged by direct appli- 

 cation and destroyed. 



Epistaxis, or Bleedi?ig from the Nostrils^ sometimes 

 arises from plethora during hot weather. It is more 

 common in hot countries than Britain. Blows or falls, by 

 which the bones forming the cavities are subjected to 

 shock communicated to the lining membrane, are common 

 causes. {See Polypus.) 



Treatment. — Cold water externally; astringent injec- 

 tions into the nostrils, and perfect quietude are essential. 



Polypus, or Tumour i7i the Nostrils^ is a morbid fibrous 

 growth, covered by a continuation of the nasal membrane, 

 and is sometimes observed from the exterior or front of 

 the nostrils ; it may also extend backwards to the 

 pharynx. Its presence is denoted by more or less inter- 

 ference with breathing, ozsena, or haemorrhage, which may 

 be slight, or issuing in a stream. 



Treatf?ie?it consists of removal by ligature or excision, 

 to determine which the veterinary surgeon is indis- 

 pensable. 



Laryngitis, or Sore T/woat, is often a troublesome 

 affection in some dogs. As the result of extreme change 

 from the warm fireside to a seat in an open vehicle 

 during cold or damp weather. Yard dogs and dogs at 

 shows, constantly barking and running the length of the 

 chain, suffer from the disease in an aggravated form. 

 {See Aphonia.) The adjacent glands sometimes swell 

 considerably, which renders swallowing not only difficult 

 but painful. Food and liquids taken into the mouth 

 return by the nostrils, and cause great inconvenience. 

 The saliva, which is secreted largely and mixed with 

 mucus from the inflamed membranes, has a foetid odour, 

 and flows in a continuous stream from the lips. The 

 breath is also oftensive, and respiration more or less 

 disturbed ; the heart-beats are rapid and forcible, the 

 eyes are dull and discharging fluid. Cough is frequent 

 and depressing, feet and ears probably cold, and bowels 

 confined. The voice is lost, and replaced by a hoarse 

 and feeble attempt, often interrupted by cough. As the 



