I '/6 Diseases of the Respiratory Organs. 



severity of all symptoms, and the creature every hour 

 becomes " more like himself." In fatal cases prostration 

 is soon manifested, with troubled respiration, indefinite 

 pulsation, coldness, sinking and death. 



In Pneumonia, or Inflammation of the Lungs, 

 the ear placed at the side of the chest detects a crackling 

 sound within, and tapping the ribs with the fingers elicits 

 a dull heavy sound. The breathing is rapid and op- 

 pressed, the animal is unable to expand the lungs. A cough 

 is present, not frequent but weak, and resembles a loud and 

 forcible sigh ; the expired air is also hotter than natural, 

 and the pulse is rapid and oppressed ; the ears and ex- 

 tremities are intensely cold, while the nose, instead of 

 being hot and dry as in bronchitis, is very cold and moist 

 or very wet. The temperature is increased in the early 

 active stages, but the tendency to congestion within the 

 lung tissue creates a somewhat early decline, which 

 denotes sinking and death. Before the end the sufferer 

 persists in silting on his haunches with his fore legs apart, 

 and later he stands on all four legs, which are separated, 

 until he drops dead. 



Pleurisy, Pleuritis, or Inflammation of the 

 Pleura, the lining membrane of the chest as well as 

 covering of the lungs, dr'c., has also its special significations. 

 The breathing consists of a prolonged inspiration which 

 is somewhat slowly and carefully performed, and a sharp 

 or somewhat halting or jerky expiration. The ear at 

 the side detects in the first stages a sound of friction 

 as the pleurae of the lungs and ribs rub over each other 

 in breathing. Later, this sound is gradually lost, disap- 

 pearing from the bottom upwards as the accumulation of 

 serum proceeds. The eftusion of lymph also, which takes 

 place during the active stages, serves to deaden the sound 

 l3y uniting the lungs to the side and limiting their move- 

 ment. A cough is present from the first, but it is short, 

 paroxysmal, and evidently arrested by the extremely 

 painful condition of the parts involved. Pressure on the 

 sides or between the ribs inflicts severe pain, and the 

 muscles of the sides may be observed to twitch or con- 

 tract quickly. The state of the circulation causes the 



