Diseases of the Urinary System. 205 



mucilage or barley water should be used as a vehicle for 

 medicines, as tartar emetic in doses of a quarter or half a 

 grain twice or three times daily ; or belladonna, opium, 

 and camphor as anodynes ; enemas containing one of the 

 three latter drugs; hot spongio-piline poultices to the 

 loins, frequently renewed. Bicarbonate of soda or potash 

 are also useful in rendering the urine less acid and 

 aseptic. Perfect quiet is essential, and, excepting very 

 moderate exercise when the patient can bear it, all severe 

 movement must be carefully avoided. A form of Albu- 

 minous Nephritis has also been noticed, constituting 

 true Brighfs Disease. 



Calculi, or Stones in tJie Kidney^ are by no means 

 infrequent. One or both organs may be affected. They 

 give rise to inflammation of the kidney, for which the 

 appropriate treatment is required. 



Hsematuria, or Red Water^ derives its name from the 

 presence of blood in the urine. 



The Causes are those which induce inflammation ; more 

 commonly calculi are present, the angular projections of 

 which may seriously wound the organ or cause impedi- 

 ments to the flow of blood, set up inflammation, and even 

 rupture of the vessels. 



Symptoms. — Urination is attended with pain ; heat, 

 with tenderness of the loins ; blood is discharged in three 

 forms : during the act of urination, subsequent to it, or 

 altogether independent of it. When it comes from the 

 kidneys, it is diflused throughout the urine, which also 

 contains threads of fibrine, not unlike small worms, either 

 of a pale pink colour or white. Bleeding from the 

 bladder is known by the first discharge of urine being 

 free, but towards the end the blood comes floating in the 

 urine. Bleeding from the urethra is unattended by signs 

 of disease in the kidney or bladder. The blood is 

 discharged pure and alone. 



Treatment. — Avoid blood-letting. Mucilaginous fluids, 

 as hnseed tea, barley water, solution of gum, beef tea, &c., 

 should be given freely, in which iron and opiates {see 

 Styptics) should be given. Apply hot fomentations to 

 the loins, the spongio-piline poultice, mustard, or 



