206 Diseases of the Urinary System, 



ammoniacal embrocation. Enemas containing belladonna 

 or opium to relieve pain and spasms. Tincture of 

 cantharides, in doses of two or three drops in a wine- 

 glassful of water, is often very useful. 



Atrophy and Hypertrophy, terms which signify 

 Wasting and Enlargement, are seen in the kidney. Few 

 indications occur during life. 



Worm in the Kidney is an occasional occurrence. 

 The parasite is known as Eustrongylus gigas, a round 

 worm, the female of which sometimes attains the length 

 of three feet, and as large as the little finger. Enormous 

 enlargement of the organ is one of the common results. 

 The presence is not always denoted by definite signs 

 during life. 



Impaction of the Ureters may arise from the ac- 

 cumulation of small portions of calculi or sandy matter 

 on their way from the kidneys, giving rise to acutely 

 painful spasms, which yield to the action of opiates, or 

 passage of the obstruction to the bladder. 



Cystitis, or Liflammation of the Bladder, may arise 

 from the absorption or imprudent use of turpentine, 

 cantharides, &c., internally. Enlargement of the pros- 

 tate gland by disease is the more frequent cause, as it 

 obstructs the flow of urine from the bladder. Stricture 

 of the urethra, calculi, and parasites act similarly. 



Symptoms. — Extreme uneasiness, colic, frequent change 

 of place and position, and putting the nose to the flanks, 

 tenderness of the abdomen under pressure; fever is also 

 present, with intense thirst ; the hind limbs tremble, 

 urine is voided in small quantities and under great pain, 

 the bowels are costive, and vomition usually follows. 

 Chronic forms greatly resemble the state of nephritis. ^ 



Treatment.— Yiox baths, or the spongio-piline poultice 

 round the abdomen and loins, witli opiates, belladonna, 

 &c., internally {see Anodynes), to overcome spasm of 

 the urethra, and permit the flow of urine. Warm enemas 

 are useful. Mucilage containing the carbonate of ])otash 

 for drink. Pass the catheter, and remove urine. Ex- 

 plore for calculus, and regulate the bowels by means of 

 a laxative dose of castor-oil mixture. 



