Diseases of the Urinary System. 207 



Calculus in the Bladder occurs in both males and 

 females. More than one are usually present, the smallest 

 being passed with sandy matter, forming one of the best 

 diagnostic signs. 



Sympto7ns.—Cys\\i\s of an active kind is present in the 

 stages of early formation, but as the calculi increase in 

 size and number, the disease assumes the chronic form. 

 The urine at first varies in colour : when blood is present 

 it is red, otherwise it may be yellow, from the accumula- 

 tion of crystals deposited from the urine. Later the flow 

 of urine becomes more or less constant, but of uncertain 

 quantity, sometimes suddenly suppressed, and giving rise 

 to severe pain internally, while externally the skin is 

 excoriated and tender over which the fluid passes. 



Removal of the Sto7ie by Operation is only possible in 

 very large animals, and in them it is attended with risk, 

 from the tendency to peritonitis, which is somewhat easily 

 produced in the dog. 



Rupture of the Bladder follows the obstruction of 

 the urethra by pressure from diseased prostate gland, or 

 small calculi becoming wedged within the urethra. 



Symptoms. — The urine for some time passes only in 

 drops ; the animal moves very little, and always care- 

 fully ; shortly the signs of acute inflammation of the 

 bladder set in, and the sufferer soon sinks, and dies 

 without excitement or struggle. After death the cavity 

 of the abdomen contains blood and fluid, the peritoneum 

 is congested, and the mucous coat of the bladder is 

 acutely inflamed, the walls being torn in various direc- 

 tions. When calculi have had some share in the pro- 

 duction of these states, one or more may be found in 

 the abdominal cavity. 



Diabetes, or profuse urination, is rarely seen in the 

 dog, except as the result of the injudicious use of large 

 doses of diuretic medicines. The habit of the animal to 

 void urine repeatedly on being liberated for a run is due 

 to the excitement of pleasure, and perfectly natural. It 

 must not, therefore, be associated with probable disease. 

 Paralysis of the Bladder is the common result of 

 continued retention of, and inordinate distension by, 



