Diseases of the Eyes and Ears. 225 



thickened membrane, should be subjected to complete 

 extirpation with the knife. 



Ulceration of the Eyelids is a frequent accompani- 

 ment of mange, but more frequently arises from persistent 

 scratching the parts with the feet, when the eyes are 

 " watery." It is attended by swelling, with loss of hair 

 and the formation of numerous small sinuses. The best 

 application is the ointment of nitrate of mercury, the 

 animal being secured against injuring the parts. 



Ectropion, or Eversion of the Eyelids, consists of a 

 turning outwards of the extreme edges, with exposition 

 and bulging of the conjunctival membrane. It is rare in 

 the dog. 



Entropion is the reverse of Ectropion. The edges of 

 the lids curl inwards, the eyelashes creating continued 

 painful irritation of the eyeball. 



Watery Eyes are the result of the latter malforma- 

 tion, which leads the dog to scratch with his hind feet, 

 and commit serious injury to the parts. 



Treatment consists of a surgical operation, by which 

 an eliptical portion of the lid is removed from the skin, 

 and the parts are drawn together and maintained by 

 sutures. Healing of the wound causes shortening of the 

 lid, and consequent removal of the lashes from contact 

 with the eyeball. 



In edropioti excision of the internal or lining membrane 

 is effected, and this brings the eyelid into close apposi- 

 tion with the surface of the eyeball. 



Organs of Hearing. — Otitis, — Inflammation of the 

 internal structures of the ear, although in common with 

 other affections of the organ, is not so frequent as 

 formerly, yet it is by no means rare. It may be justly 

 termed the precursor of canker, having its origin in the 

 same conditions, being an irritable state of the local 

 nerves, evinced by pain and high vascularity of the 

 internal organs. 



Sympto7ns. — The head is carried towards one side, and 

 the feet are often used to scratch the ear on the affected 

 side, or he rubs it on the ground, against the wall, and 

 other stationary objects. He a'so suddenly shakes the 



15 



