EXERCISE AND TRAINING OF PUPPIES. 163 



puppies first experiences are of much importance, and all 

 the arrangements of the kennel, and in fact the whole en- 

 vironment, should be shaped in relation to this principle. 



The puppy should not be allowed to get into habits 

 which will later need correction. Let him from the first 

 be encouraged in cleanliness, self-respect, love of esteem, 

 respect for the rights of other puppies his fellows, etc. 



Yery early begin to instill into him lessons of restraint, 

 but only for the briefest periods, for the creature is as 

 yet weak in brain and will power, though strong in in- 

 stincts and impulses. 



The master or trainer must not be associated in his 

 mind with unpleasantness, but with the reverse. Do not, 

 therefore, punish him, but let him learn almost uncon- 

 sciously that certain actions and certain pleasures are con- 

 nected. 



He should soon be taught his name, should always 

 come when called, but not be summoned too often, espe- 

 cially if playing. It is well to carry a bit of biscuit, 

 cheese, etc., to reward him for coming at first. Later a 

 pat of approbation will suffice. 



The trainer should never undertake what he is not 

 reasonably sure of accomplishing ; and the first aim should 

 always be to secure the dog's attention and interest and to 

 make the accomplishment pleasant. But he must know 

 what is wanted, and if he can not comprehend this, the 

 lesson is unsuitable at this period. He must, however, 

 obey if he understands ; gentle compulsion, when once the 

 purpose is understood, may be exercised — e. g., if he will 

 not come when he is called, he must not be whipped, as 

 that will make the whole set of associations unpleasant, 



