no nOMESTICATED ANIlMALS 



to pass to the other grades of their employment, where they 

 were made to draw carriages. 



Next after the contribution which the kindred of the bulls 

 have made by their strength, we must set that which has come 

 from their milk. Although this substance can be obtained in 

 small quantities from several other domesticated animals, the 

 species of the genus Bos alone have yielded it in sufficient 

 quantities greatly to affect the development of man. It is 

 difficult to measure the importance of the addition to the diet, 

 both of savage and civilized peoples, which milk affords. It 

 is a fact well known to physiologists that in its simple form 

 this substance is a complete food, capable when taken alone of 

 sustaining life and insuring a full development of the body. It 

 is indeed a natural contrivance exactly adapted to afford those 

 materials which are required for the development and restora- 

 tion of creatures essentially akin to our own species. Those 

 races which avail themselves extensively of it in their dietary 

 are the strongest and most enduring the world has known. 

 The Aryan folk are indeed characteristically drinkers of milk 

 and users of its products, cheese and butter. It may well be 

 that their power is in some measure due to this resource. 



In our horned cattle man won to domestication creatures 

 which were admirably suited to promote his advancement 

 from savagery to civilization. Indeed, the possession of these 

 animals appears to have been a prime condition of his ad- 

 vancement. With them, however, as with the camel, there 

 came little in the way of those sympathetic qualities which 

 have made it possible for our race to establish affectionate 

 relations with other captive forms. Long intercourse with 

 man has, it is true, somewhat diminished the wildness of these 

 creatures, though the males remain the most indomitably fero- 



