THE FLOCKS AND HERDS 135 



path. Meeting a man on horseback, and perceiving that the 

 way was not wide enough for both himself and the oncomer, 

 the sagacious animal deliberately backed his huge body into 

 the chaparral so as to clear the way, and then trumpeted as if 

 to signal the horseman that the path was free. 



The emotions as well as the intelligence of elephants are 

 singularly like those of human kind. It is said by those who 

 know them well that if when in their stubborn fits they are 

 brutally overborne, they are apt to die of what seems to be 

 pure chagrin. Their states of grief, despair, and rage much 

 resemble those which are exhibited by violent children or men 

 unaccustomed to control. Their affections and animosities 

 have also a curious human cast. They readily form attach- 

 ments which appear to be quite as enduring as those exhib- 

 ited by dogs, and their memory of injuries remains quick for 

 years after they have received the harm. Well-verified anec- 

 dotes showing the likeness of these emotional qualities to 

 our own exist in such numbers that it would be easy to fill 

 a volume with them. They are, however, not necessary to 

 show the likeness of the creature to ourselves. This is suffi- 

 ciently exhibited by their daily behavior under domestication. 

 In noting this we should remember that the male elephant is 

 the only large mammal the males of which it has proved safe 

 to use in the ordinary work of life. Even our bulls and stall- 

 ions, though they belong to species which have been domesti- 

 cated for thousands of years, are so violent and untrustworthy 

 as to be of little value except for breeding purposes. Bulls, 

 even of the tamer breeds, are a constant menace to the lives 

 of their masters ; yet an adult male elephant recently made 

 captive may, except when seriously diseased, be trusted to 

 obey the mere signals of the driver, who has no such control 



