^' I C£jt^ - '^C. cj^A 



(f) Nonstructural measures should be considered 

 as means for addressing problems and opportuni- 

 ties. 



(1) Nonstructural measures are complete or par- 

 tial alternatives to traditional structural measures. 

 Nonstructural measures include modifications in 

 public policy, management practice, regulatory 

 policy, and pricing policy. 



(2) A nonstructural measure or measures may in 

 some cases offer a complete alternative to a tradi- 

 tional structural measure or measures. In other 

 cases, nonstructural measures may be combined 

 with fewer or smaller traditional structural measures 

 to produce a complete alternative plan. 



(g) Protection of the Nation's environment is to 

 be provided by mitigation (as defined in 40 CFR 

 1508.20) of the adverse effects (as defined in 40 

 CFR 1508.8) of each alternative plan. Accordingly, 

 each alternative plan should include mitigation de- 

 termined to be appropriate by the agency decision- 

 maker. 



(1) Appropriate mitigation to address effects on 

 fish and wildlife and their habitat should be deter- 

 mined in consultation with Federal and State fish 

 and wildlife agencies in accordance with the Fish 

 and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (16 U.S.C. 

 661 -666(c)), or other appropriate authority. 



(2) Appropriate mitigation to address other ad- 

 verse effects should be determined in accordance 

 with applicable laws, regulations and Executive 

 Orders. 



(3) Mitigation measures determined to be appro- 

 priate should be planned for concurrent implemen- 

 tation with other major project features, where prac- 

 tical. 



(h) Other existing water and related land re- 

 sources plans, such as State water resources 

 plans, should be considered as alternative plans if 

 within the scope of the planning effort. 



(i) Various schedules, including staged construc- 

 tion, for implementing alternative plans should be 

 considered. 



1.6.2 Formulation. 



(a) Alternative plans which contribute to the Fed- 

 eral objective should be systematically formulated. 

 In addition to a plan which reasonably maximizes 

 contributions to NED, other plans may be formulat- 

 ed which reduce net NED benefits in order to fur- 

 ther address other Federal, State, local, and inter- 

 national concerns not fully addressed by the NED 

 plan. These additional plans should be formulated 

 in order to allow the decisionmaker the opportunity 



to judge whether these beneficial effects outweigh 

 the corresponding NED losses. 



(b) In general, in the formulation of alternative 

 plans, an effort is made to include only increments 

 that provide net NED benefits after accounting for 

 appropriate mitigation costs. Include appropriate 

 mitigation of adverse environmental effects, as re- 

 quired by law, in all alternative plans. Increments 

 that do not provide net NED benefits may be in- 

 cluded, except in the NED plan, if they are cost-ef- 

 fective measures for addressing specific concerns. 



(c) Alternative plans, including the NED plan, 

 should be formulated in consideration of four crite- 

 ha: Completeness; effectiveness; efficiency; and 

 acceptability. 



(1) Completeness is the extent to which a given 

 alternative plan provides and accounts for all nec- 

 essary investments or other actions to ensure the 

 realization of the planned effects. This may require 

 relating the plan to other types of public or private 

 plans if the other plans are crucial to realization of 

 the contributions to the objective. 



(2) Effectiveness is the extent to which an alter- 

 native plan alleviates the specified problems and 

 achieves the specified opportunities. 



(3) Efficiency is the extent to which an alternative 

 plan is the most cost effective means of alleviating 

 the specified problems and realizing the specified 

 opportunities, consistent with protecting the Na- 

 tion's environment. 



(4) Acceptability is the workability and viability of 

 the alternative plan with respect to acceptance by 

 State and local entities and the public and compati- 

 bility with existing laws, regulations, and public poli- 

 cies. 



1.6.3 The NED Plan. 



A plan that reasonably maximizes net national 

 economic development benefits, consistent with the 

 Federal objective, is to be formulated. This plan is 

 to be identified as the national economic develop- 

 ment plan. 



1.6.4 Other Alternative Plans. 



(a) Other alternative plans should be formulated 

 to adequately explore opportunities to address 

 other Federal. State, local, and international con- 

 cerns not fully addressed by the NED plan. 



(b) The number and variety of alternative plans 

 should be governed by— 



