THE ORIGIN OF GYNANDROMORPHS. 



107 



-Vas. 



Text-figure 70. 



cases for mammals (roebuck and goat) and 5 for man as verj' probable. 

 To these Pick adds a later case by Uffreduzzi (1910) and one by 

 Gudernatsch (1911). The 5 cases found in swine by Pick are of 

 unusual interest. The external genitalia were entirely -female or nearly 

 so. Within the abdomen were uterus and fallopian tubes (text-fig. 

 70) . In four of the cases an ovotestis was present on each side in the 



normal position of the ovary. In 

 the fifth case an ovary with a 

 small piece of testis was on one 

 side and a testis on the other. 

 The conditions here suggest at 

 least that the results are not due 

 to chromosomal 

 elimination, al- 

 though such an 

 interpretation 

 might be given. 

 If, for instance, 

 the gonads arise 

 at an early stage 

 froma single cell 



in which an anterio-posterior division occurred and the later mass of 

 cells was subsequently separated into right and left parts, the condi- 

 tions found might be realized. There is, however, a possibility that 

 here, as in cattle, a \mion between the chorions of the embr\'o in the 

 uterus might have brought about a more perfect freemartin than 

 develops in cattle when such a union occurs. (See Lillie.) 



Ritter described a pig in which on the right side a testis was present 

 and on the left an ovary. (Verh. phys. Med. Gesell. Wiirzburg, XIX, 

 1886). Harman more recently (1917) describes a cat with a testis 

 on one side and an ovary on the other. Neurgebauer has given a 

 large number of cases in man in w^hich testes and ovaries have been 

 described in the same individual and in which the genitalia show many 

 anomalous relations. Amongst the large number of human hermaph- 

 rodites described there are probably a considerable number of 

 authentic cases where parts of both male and female genitalia were 

 combined in the same individual, but writing as late as 1911, Guder- 

 natsch states that hermaphroditism in the sense of separate ovaries 

 and testes has not been demonstrated in man. He describes a case 

 of an individual with female external genitalia and an abnormal testis 

 in the right inguinal canal. 



The proof that hermaphroditism, so-called, in man is produced in 

 the same way as gynandromorphism in Drosophila can not be furnished 

 at present, because there is no probability of the difference in chromo- 

 some number being determined by histological study, owing to the 



