40 THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OP 



" The primary symptoms of pleuro-pneumonia are generally 

 obscure, and too often excite but little attention or anxiety. 

 As the disease steals on, the animal becomes dull and dejected, 

 and, if in the field, separates itself from its fellows. It becomes 

 uneasy, ceases to ruminate, and the respirations are a little 

 hurried. If it be a milch cow, the lacteal secretion is diminished, 

 and the udder is hot and tender. The eyes are dull, the head 

 is lowered, the nose protruded, and the nostrils expanded. 

 The urine generally becomes scanty and high-colored. It is 

 seldom thought that much is the matter with the animal until 

 it c.eases to eat ; but this criterion does not hold good in most 

 cases of the disease, for the animal at the outset still takes its 

 food, and continues to do so until the blood becomes impover- 

 ished and poisoned ; it is then that the system becomes deranged, 

 the digestive process impaired, and fever established. The 

 skin adheres to the ribs, and there is tenderness along the spine. 

 Manipulation of the trachea, and percussion applied to the 

 sides, causes the animal to evince pain. Although the beast 

 may have been ill only three days, the number of pulsations 

 are generally about seventy per minute ; but they are some- 

 times eighty, and even more. In the first stage, the artery 

 under the jaw feels full and large ; but as the disease runs on, 

 the pulse rapidly becomes smaller, quicker, and more oppressed. 

 The breathing is labored, and goes on accelerating as the local 

 inflammation increases. The fore extremities are planted wide 

 apart, with the elbows turned out in order to arch the ribs, and 

 form fixed points for the action of those muscles which the 

 animal brings into operation to assist the respiratory process. In 

 pleuro-pneumonia, the hot stage of fever is never of long 

 duration \_simply because there is not enough vitality in the 

 system to keep up a continued fever']. The state of collapse 

 quickly ensues, when the surface heat again decreases, and the 

 pulse becomes small and less distinct. We have now that low 

 typhoid fever so much to be dreaded, and which characterizes 

 the disease in common with epizootics, 



". . . The horse laboring under pleuro-pneumonia, or, 

 indeed, any pulmonory disease will not lie down ; but, in the 



