88 THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OF 



Tlie reticulum^ or second stomach, sometimes called the 

 honeycomb^ presents a very irregular surface, consisting of open 

 cells, varying in size and depth, looking very much like a piece 

 of honeycomb on a large scale. There are two openings into 

 this stomach: one through the floor of the gullet, the other 

 into the paunch. The pellet of food to be returned for reraas- 

 tication, is thrown into the oesophagean canal by the retic- 

 ulum. 



The manyplus, sometimes called manyplies or manyfolds, is 

 made up internally of laminae, or leaves, which hang down 

 from every part of it ; by this arrangement an immense diges- 

 tive surface is crowded into a small space. The cuticular 

 covering of these leaves or laminae is very singular; it is 

 thickly studded with eminences, varying in size and form ; in 

 some places they resemble little hooks, others look like papillas ; 

 some are soft, others are hard and durable like horn. The 

 function of the laminae and papillae is to comminute, and 

 properly prepare the food ere it enters the fourth compartment. 



The ahomasum, is the true digestive stomach ; its function is 

 to secrete the gastric juice, at least the gastric juice is secreted 

 by small glandular bodies, having ducts which terminate on 

 the villous membrane which lines the abomasum. The lower 

 orifice of this part of the stomach is termed pylorus; it is 

 guarded by a projecting body which answers the purpose of a 

 sphincter muscle, to guard against regurgitation from the du- 

 odenum. 



RUMINATION OR REMASTICATION, AND 'INGESTION 

 OF FOOD. 



The ox, a member of the group Ruminaniia^ has four com- 

 partments in the stomach, yet two of them are nothing more 

 than dilitations of the oesophagus. 



The food having been gathered by the lips, tongue, and 

 teeth within the mouth, it undergoes a grinding process between 

 the molars, and receives the admixture of salivial fluids secreted 

 by the submaxillary, parotid, thyroid, and sublingual glands ; 

 iL then passes down the oesophagus into the paunch; the char- 



