THE DISEASES OF CATTLE. 207 



a chilliness of the horns and external surface is observed ; 

 showing very clearly that there is an unequal circulation of the 

 blood. There is generally some difficulty in passing the urine, the 

 animal strains in the act of passing it, and it is redder than usual. 

 The symptoms vary as the disease progresses, but the above 

 are the principal ones on which the diagnosis must be founded. 

 Treatment. — Drench the animal with sixteen ounces of 

 glauber salts dissolved in a quart of warm water ; then apply 

 warm water bandages to the region of the loins, which may be 

 retained in situ^ by encircling the body with a bandage. An 

 emollient clyster of slippery elm should occasionally be thrown 

 into the rectum, and the patient should be drenched with four 

 ounces of the liquor acetate of ammonia every six hours, until 

 an improvement takes place. Then give tincture of matico in 

 in half-ounce doses, night and morning, until the patient 'u 

 better. 



URINARY CALCULI. 



Cattle are occasionally the subjects of urinary calculi, yet 

 there are not many cases of the kind on record, and during a 

 practice of fourteen years in this State, the author has never 

 been called upon to prescribe for, nor treat, a case of this char- 

 acter. This testimony is diametrically opposed to that of 

 Youatt and others. Youatt contends that " concretions are 

 oftener found in the urinary passages of cattle than of the 

 horse." This testimony is not in accordance with the experience 

 of our " American cousins." In England, however, cattle may 

 inherit some peculiarity of constitution, which causes a tendency 

 to the formation of concretions, or perhaps the water they drink 

 may be impregnated with alkalies, so as to induce an alkaline 

 diathesis. Urinary calculi are generally composed of car- 

 bonate and phosphate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, and some 

 animal matter. 



Should calculi be present in either the kidneys or ureters, 

 they are sure to occasion some degree of pain. The urine 

 will be reddened, and sometimes blood corpuscles can be 

 detected in the same ; after a while, some muco-purulent fluid 



