THE DISEASES OP CATTLE. 283 



The salts should be dissolved in one quart of tepid water ; 

 then add the mandrake, and drench the animal by means of a 

 common porter bottle. This drench should be poured down 

 the oesophagus, in a gradual manner, so as to prevent its being 

 received into the rumen, or paunch. 



The patient should, if possible, be dieted on green fodder ; 

 if such cannot be procured, some sliced cabbages, turnips, or 

 carrots may be substituted. A teaspoonful of mandrake should 

 be given daily in the food, until the visible surfaces assume 

 their natural color. A curable case will generally yield under 

 the above treatment. 



This disease sometimes runs into a chronic type, and is 

 known by the yellow color of visible surfaces ; dull, sleepy 

 appearance of the subject, and absence of those acute symp- 

 toms which are invariably present in the inflammatory stage. 

 A chronic disease of this character may exist for months and 

 even years without interfering very essentially with the gen- 

 eral health ; finally, however, the liver undergoes alterations 

 in structure, becomes hardened or indurated, or else it becomes 

 tuberculous, or is the seat of hydatids, and the fluke-worm is 

 often found in the ducts. 



Treatment of Chronic Disease of the Liver : — Take 



Powdered Iodide of Potassium, 2 drachms. 



" Goldenseal, bounces. Mix. 



Divide the mass into six equal parts, and give one in a little 

 water every morning on an empty stomach. 



The medicine may be continued for some length of time 

 without the least danger. If this treatment does not benefit 

 the animal, the case is probably incuraljje. 



HYDATIDS. 



Hydatids, commonly known as ^^ftukes,' consist of a sac 

 or vesicle filled with fluid. To the naked eye it appears as a 

 simple enveloping cyst ; but on examining it more closely, by 

 means of the microscope, it shows many tunics or coats, and 

 these are the rudimentary cells in various stages of growth. 

 According to Carpenter, these rudimentary developments pro- 



