THE DISEASES OF CATTLE. ' 285 



granular hydatids, from the presence of numerous granules 

 which float in the fluid of the cyst, or adhere to its walls. 

 There are two species of echinococcus ; one, echinococcus 

 hominis, has been met with in the brain and abdomen of man, 

 in a few instances ; the other, echinococcus veterinorum, occurs 

 in the hog and other animals. 



"The following is from the pen of Mr. John Gamgee, 

 Edinburgh, on sturdy in sheep, in which much useful in- 

 formation relative to parasites is given. 



" * The more inquiries made, the more accurate will the con- 

 clusion arrived at by scientific men appear, that dogs and 

 sheep must live together for certain parasites to extend their 

 ravages with effect. On all the sheep farms I visited last sum- 

 mer, sturdy was complained of, and on all such farms there 

 were dogs. Such was the case at Cainiton, Mill of Kincarn- 

 ardine, on Glendye, and in other localities. Mr. Falconer, of 

 Balnakettle, a gentleman of great experience, and other farm- 

 ers, assured me that there has been more giddiness in sheep 

 within the last two or three years than they had ever witnessed 

 before, and the losses in consequence are sometimes greater 

 than by that fatal malady, " braxy." This clearly does not 

 depend on a large number of dogs being kept ; but there are 

 many conditions affecting the propagation of parasites, and if 

 destructive agencies were not as universal as the productive, 

 much more effectually would vermin and parasites multiply 

 and spread their baneful influence, to the detriment of man- 

 kind. It is accidental circumstances that affect the develop- 

 ment of diseases of animals. If every germ produced by a 

 single tape-worm in a limited period of time were to take 

 effect, it would be quite sufficient to exterminate the flocks of 

 Great Britain ; but, I repeat, the laws established to procure 

 the multiplication of any animal are counteracted by an infinity 

 of uncontrolled, but perhaps not uncontrollable, agencies. The 

 latent vitality of the eggs of such parasites is extremely dif- 

 ficult to destroy, and, to use the words of one of Kuchenraelster's 

 reviewers, after months of exposure to warmth and moisture^ the 

 pulpy and putrid debris of segments of the taenia solium yield 



