304 THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OF 



believes that, had not something been done at the time, she 

 would have bled to death. From this and other cases that I 

 have seen, I think it absolutely necessary that we should guard 

 against the animals licking themselves, and perhaps it would 

 be quite as well to apply the cautery to the parts, after remov- 

 ing the warts, or subsequently." 



When a large surface is occupied by warts which do not 

 possess any definite necks, they must be cut off close to the 

 skin, and the surfaces thus exposed should be touched with 

 strong pyroligneous acid, and then sprinkled with powdered 

 bloodroot. 



Warts on the teats are to be removed by ligaturing them at 

 their base, by means of saddler's silk, or horsehair. If se- 

 curely tied, so as to obstruct circulation, they drop off in the 

 course of thirty-six hours. Any sores which may occur in 

 consequence of the removal of warts, can be healed by cover- 

 ing them one or twice daily with a small quantity of glycerine. 



GADFLIES. ^ 



The gadfly is known to naturalists as the cestris hovis. It 

 punctures the integument of cattle, and then deposits its ova, or 

 eggs. In this situation the ova mature, until they are capable 

 of enjoying an independent existence. They then make their 

 exit through the external outlet, fall to and burrow into the 

 ground, and remain there until the period of their metamor- 

 phosis takes place, when they assume the form of winged 

 insects. In this form they multiply the species by the deposit 

 of their ova. They probably occasion much irritation ; and in 

 view of getting rid of them, I usually puncture the tumor, by 

 means of a thumb lancet, and squeeze out the parasite. 



The following paragraph is from the pen of Gunther; and I 

 urge the reader, if he be the owner of live stock, to give them 

 an occasional dose of sulphur ; for I contend that no living 

 creature can ever be infested with parasites, when its system 

 is saturated with sulphur. 



" The gadfly not only persecutes healthy oxen, by its bites, 

 during summer, but also deposits its eggs in their skin, which 



