iJ06 THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OP 



effect of removing the sit-fast, or eschar, when a healthy gran- 

 ulating surface will appear. 



Some animals, owing to a peculiarity of constitution, will 

 " chafe," as the saying is, in those parts which come in contact 

 with the yoke, and no human foresight or mechanical con- 

 trivance can prevent it ; therefore, in view of protecting the 

 parts against the local irritation and its consequences, I rec- 

 ommend the following liquid cuticle : — 



Collodjon, 1„ , . 



Castor Oil, J Eqnal part*. 



After washing the abrasion with soap and water, wipe dry, 

 and smear it with a portion of the above invaluable liquid 

 cuticle. 



THE HAIR OF CATTLE IS AN EPIDERMIC APPENDAGE. 



According to Carpenter, hair is an epidermic appendage, 

 although not developed upon the external surface, but in the 

 interior of a follicle * formed by a depression of the true skin. 

 This follicle is lined by a continuation of the epidermis (scarf 

 skin), the cells of which are developed in peculiar abundance 

 from a spot at its deepest portion ; the dense exterior of the 

 cluster thus formed being known as the " bulb of the hair," 

 while the softer interior is termed its pulp. Although the hairs 

 of different animals vary in the appearances they present, we 

 may generally distinguish two elementary principles corres- 

 ponding with those which we meet with in the stem of a 

 feather ; viz., a cortical, resembling bark ; and a medullary, 

 resembling marrow. The fullest development of both sub- 

 stances is seen in the spiile hairs of the hedgehog, and in the 

 quills of the porcupine, which are but hairs on a magnified scale. 

 The cortical envelope of hairs is a continuation of the outer 

 scales or layers of the epidermis that lines the follicles; whilst 

 the medullary is derived from the deeper stratum whose cells 

 are produced in usual abundance at its cojcal (blind) extremity. 

 And it is by the constant development of new cells at this point, 

 that the continual growth of the hair is kept up. 



* Follicle, sac or fold. 



