THE DISEASES OF CATTLE. 369 



distance from the angle of the shoulder ; the fourth is opposite 

 to the anterior and superior part of the lower region, and the 

 fifth, which is behind, answers to the under part of the but- 

 tocks. We place a strong assistant between the wall and the 

 head of the animal, who firmly holds the horn in the left hand, 

 and with his right the muzzle, which he elevates a little. This 

 done, we pass through and fasten the end of a long, strong, 

 platted cord in the ring, to the lower part of the breast ; we 

 bring the free end of the cord along the left flank, and pass it 

 through the ring which is below and in front of the withers ; 

 we bring it down along the breast, behind the shoulders and 

 the angle of the fore leg, to pass it through the third ring ; 

 from there we pass it through the ring which is at the top of 

 the back ; then it must be passed around against the outer 

 angle of the left hip, and we fasten it, after having drawn it 

 tightly to the posterior ring, by a simple bow knot. 



" The cow being firmly fixed to the wall, we place a cord, 

 fastened by a slip-noose, around the hocks, to keep them to- 

 gether in such a manner that the animal cannot kick the 

 operator. The free end of the cord, and the tail, are held by 

 an assistant. 



" The cow, thus secured, cannot, during the operation, move 

 forward nor lie down ; and the veterinary surgeon has all the 

 ease desirable, and is protected from accident. 



" M. Leorant advises that an assistant should hold a plank 

 or bar of wood obliquely under the teats and before its limbs, 

 to ward off* the kicks ; but this method is not always without 

 danger, both to the operator and the animal, because, at the 

 commencement, — that is, when the surgeon makes the incision 

 through the hide and the muscles, — the cow makes such sudden 

 movements, and tries so frequently to strike with its left hind 

 foot, that it may happen that, upon every movement, the plank 

 or the bar may be struck against the operator's legs. 



" On the other hand, although the defence may be firmly 

 held by the assistant, yet it may happen that, in spite of his 

 exertions, he sometimes may be thrown against the operator, 



