of the Animals of the Farm. 



3<J 



time the two central teeth become loose and the first broad 

 teeth sometimes begin to project through, the gum. In very 

 forward animals the central permanent incisors ai-e cut at the 

 age of a year and seven months, but they are never level with 

 the other incisors before one year and ten months, and their 

 perfect development is indicative of the age of two years.,,; i 



Tlie illustration opposite (Fig. 33) was taken from a Shorthorn 

 heifer at the age of one year and ten mmdhs, and may be 

 accepted as indicative of the general appearance of the incisors 

 at that age. 



While the first pair of permanent incisors are advancing to 



Fig. 34. — Shelving the sixth molar at iav years. 

 T.M., temporary molars, p.m., permanent molars. 



p. M. 



%rr-j/VG7sf. 



take the place of the temporary teeth, the sixth and last perma- 

 nent molars pash their way through the gum, and at the age of 

 tivo years are in position. Any error of opinion as to the age 

 which might arise from the premature cutting of the central 

 permanent incisors may be corrected by reference to the state of 

 the molars. 



In the above illustration (Fig. 34) the sixth molar is shown 

 in the position described, and in the same figure the first and 

 second permanent molars have taken the places of the tem- 

 porary teeth ; this change, in the writer's experience, does not 

 usually occur until the animal is a month or two over two years 

 of age. Many cattle entered in the class not exceeding two 

 years are certified to be one year and eleven months and two or 

 three weeks old, and at this age the central broad teeth will be 



