CHAP. XV. WINES IN LIBATION. 365 



give you a thousand (i. e. many) cakes, a thousand 

 vases of wine, a thousand head of oxen, a thousand 

 geese, a thousand vestments, a thousand censers of 

 incense, a thousand libations, a thousand boxes of 

 ointment." * The cakes were of various kinds. Many 

 were round, oval, or triangular; and others Iiadthe 

 edges folded over, like the Jctteereh of the present 

 day. They also assumed the shape of leaves, or 

 the form of an animal, a crocodile's head, or some 

 capricious figure ; and it was frequently customary 

 to sprinkle them (particularly the round and oval 

 cakes) with seeds. t 



Wine was frequently presented in tw^o cups.t 

 It was not then a libation, but merely 

 an offering of wine; and since the 

 pouring out of wine upon the altar was 

 a preliminary ceremony, as Herodotus 

 observes, common to all their sacrifices, 

 we find that the king is often repre- 

 sented making a libation upon an altar 

 No. 477. b. wino covcrcd wlth offerings of cakes, flowers, 



offered in two ^ ^ ^ ' ' 



cups. ^^^(j ^l^e joints of a victim killed for 



the occasion. 



The Egyptian artists did not bind themselves to 

 one instant of time in their representations of these 

 subjects. The libation, therefore, appears to be 

 poured over the mass of offerings collected upon 

 the altar ; but the knowledge of their mode of 

 drawing, and the authority of Herodotus, explain 



* Of ointments, vide Vol. II. p. 214.. and III. p. 378. ; and Vol. I. 

 (2d Series) p. 38. note J. 



-j- Vide supra, Vol. II. p. 386. | Fide PI. 70. part 4., and PI. 82. 



