CHAP. XVI. GREEK METHOD. 475 



sometimes even across the breast; and occasionally 

 one arm in the former, the other in the latter po- 

 sition. The legs were close together, and the head 

 erect. These diiferent modes of arranging the 

 limbs were common to both sexes, and to all ages ; 

 though we occasionally meet with some slight de- 

 viationsfrom this mode of placing the hands. But no 

 Egyptian is found with the limbs bandaged sepa- 

 rately, as those of Greek mummies ; though in- 

 stances may occur of the latter having the arms 

 enveloped with the body. Sometimes the nails 

 and the whole hands and feet were stained with 

 the red dye of the henneh*; and some mummies 

 have been found with the face covered by a mask 

 of cloth fitting closely to it, and overlaid with a 

 coating of composition!, so painted as to resemble 

 the deceased, and to have the appearance of flesh. 

 But these are of rare occurrence, and I am unable 

 to state if they are of an early Egyptian or Greek 

 epoch. This last is most probable; especially as 

 we find that the mummies which present the por- 

 trait of the deceased painted on wood, and placed 

 over the face, are always of Greek time. Some 

 remarkable instances of these are preserved in the 

 collections of Europe; and one upon a coffin sent 

 to England by Mr. Salt, which has been figured 

 by Mr. PettigrewJ, is now in the British Museum. 

 On the breast was frequently placed a scarabaeus, 

 in immediate contact with the flesh. These sea- 



* Lavvsonia spinosa et incrmis, Linn. 



-j- I have seen a very i^ootl specimen in the possession of Dr. Hogg. 



X Plate 7., and p. loT. 



