482 THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. CHAP. XVI. 



inkstand or palette ; the high priest the censer ; 

 the hieraphoros a small model of a sacred shrine, 

 or a figure bearing an image or emblem of a Deity ; 

 and others according to their grade. In the sol- 

 dier's tomb were deposited his arms ; in the ma- 

 riner's a boat ; and the peculiar occupation of 

 each artisan was pointed out by some implement 

 employed in his trade. 



The four vases, each with the head of one of the 

 Genii of Amenti, have been already mentioned. * 

 There were also others of smaller size, of alabaster, 

 hard stone, glass, porcelain, bronze, and other ma- 

 terials, many of which were of exquisite workman- 

 ship ; but these were confined to the sepulchres 

 of the rich, as were jewellery and other expensive 

 ornaments. 



Papyri were likewise confined to persons of a 

 certain degree of wealth; but small figures of the 

 deceased, of wood or vitrified earthenware, were 

 common to all classes, except the poorest of the 

 community. These figures are too well known to 

 need a detailed description. They usually present 

 a hieroglyphic inscription, either in a vertical line 

 down the centre, or in horizontal bands round the 

 body, containing the name and quality of the de- 

 ceased, with the customary presentation of offerings 

 for his soul to Osiris, and a funereal formula very 

 similar to many on the scarabaii. In the hands of 

 these figures are a hoc and a bag of seed. Their 

 arms are crossed in imitation of certain repre- 

 sentations of Osiris, whose name and form I 



* Supra, p, 467. 



