CONTENTS. IX 



Page 



Simple Process of Tillage. Slight Furrows of the Plough. 

 The modern Khonfud, a sort of Harrow. Plough of 

 Wood - - - - - - - 41 



Parts of the Plough. Yoke. Driver - - - 42 



Two different Animals not joked together - - 44 



Plough and Hoe. Axe - - - - 45 



Felling Trees with an Axe. Admission of Swine into the 

 Fields. Opinion of Larcher - - - - 46 



The Duties of the Ploughman arduous. Barrel placed in 

 the Field, probably holding Seed. Seed put into a 

 Basket. Scattered with the Right Hand - - 47 



Cultivation of Land. Harrow and Rake unknown. Arti- 

 ficial Irrigation. Dressing of Nitrous Soil - - 49 

 Component Parts of the Alluvial Deposit - - 50 

 Nature of the Two Branches of the Nile. Other Kinds of 

 Dressing - - - - - - 51 



The Edge of the Desert cultivated. Vestiges of ancient 

 Cultivation in the Fyoom - - - - 52 



Quality of the Crops. Productions of the Winter Sea- 

 son -- -- - - -53 



Carthamus tinctorius, an ancient Plant - - - 54 



Oil extracted from various Plants - - -55 



Castor-berry Tree. Mode of extracting the Oil - -56 



Oil of Bitter Almonds. Length of Time to raise different 

 Crops. Plants of the Summer Season. — (^Note.) Nature 

 of some Ointment at Alnwick Castle, and Analysis of a 

 Bronze Chisel found at Thebes - - - 58 



Great Use of Vegetables. Names of some Roman Families 



derived from certain Pulse - - - 60 



Names of Plants known to be grown in Ancient Egypt - 61 

 Indigenous Plants of Egypt. Desert Plants. Herbarium 



of Egypt. Those mentioned by Pliny - - 63 



Trees of Ancient Egypt from the Paintings, and the Fruit 



or seeds of others discovered in the Tombs - - 76 



Seeds and Fruits of India or Africa found there. Flowers 

 represented not very intelligibly. Little Attention to the 

 Growth of Plants and Trees in Modern Egypt - - 78 



