CHAP. XT. PRODUCTIONS OF THE SUMMER. 59 



elsewhere observed §, " which succeed the above 

 mentioned, either immediately or after a short in- 

 terval, are produced solely by artificial irrigation." 

 "But the use of" the .shadooj' is not confined to 

 the productions of summer ; it is required for some 

 in spring, and frequently throughout the winter, as 

 well as in autumn, if the inundation be deficient ;" 

 and the same system was, of course, adopted by 

 the ancient Egyptians. 



The chief productions sown the half year before, 

 and during the inundation, are enumerated in the 

 table eblow. 



Herbs and esculent roots were cultivated in 

 great abundance by the Egyptians ; experience 

 having taught them, that a vegetable diet was 

 highly conducive to health in their climate ; and 

 the sculptures, the authority of Pliny ^, the fact of 



Remarks. 



Cut in 7 nioiitlis : in October. Grown in the Delta. 



Sown in beginning or end of April ; cut at rise of Nile in 100 days. Its 

 seed sown as Byood. 



tlie analysis which Dr. Ure has favoured me with of a bronze chisel, 

 alluded to in Vol. III. p. 2o-2. 



Of 100 parts, 94"0 are copper. 

 5-9 tin, 

 0"1 iron. 



100-0 



($ Topography of Thebes and (icneral View of Egypt, p. 263. 



II It is not certain that rice was cultivated formerly in Egypt. 



1 Conf Plin. xxi. \5. " Ilerbac sponte nasccntcs, qiiibus plcneque 

 gentium utuntur in cibis, niaximeque ^gyptus, .... tanta est ciboruni 

 ex herbis abundantia." 



