THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 27 



hemisphere. These transports continued during three centuries with- 

 out any introduction of new species into cultivation. We must come 

 to the middle of the present century to find new cultures of any value 

 from the utilitarian point of view, such as the Eucalyptus globulus of 

 Australia and the Cinchonas of South America. From these data and 

 reflections it is probable that at the end of the nineteenth century 

 men will cultivate on a large scale and for use about three hundred 

 species. This is a small proportion of the .one hundred and twenty 

 or one hundred and forty thousand in the vegetable kingdom; but 

 in the animal world the proportion of creatures subject to the will of 

 man is far smaller. There are not perhaps more than two hundred 

 species of domestic animals that is, reared for use and the animal 

 kingdom reckons millions of species. Doubtless the number of species 

 of animals and vegetables which may be reared or cultivated for 

 pleasure or curiosity is very large : witness menageries and zoological 

 and botanical gardens. But I am speaking here of useful plants and 

 animals in general and customary employment. 



B. The Pastoral Stage 



3. THE FLOCKS AND HERDS OF PALESTINE 

 Gen. 13:1-12 



And Abram went up out of Egypt, he, and his wife, and all that 

 he had, and Lot with him, into the south. And Abram was very rich 

 in cattle, in silver, and in gold. And he went on his journeys from the 

 south even to Beth-el, unto the place where his tent had been at the 

 beginning, between Beth-el and Hai; unto the place of the altar, 

 which he had made there at the first: and there Abram called on the 

 name of the LORD. And Lot also, which went with Abram, had flocks, 

 and herds, and tents. And the land was not able to bear them, that 

 they might dwell together: for their substance was great, so that they 

 could not dwell together. And there was a strife between the herd- 

 men of Abram 's cattle and the herdmen of Lot's cattle: and the 

 Canaanite and the Perizzite dwelt then in the land. And Abram said 

 unto Lot, Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me and thee, 

 and between my herdmen and thy herdmen; for we be brethren. Is 

 not the whole land before thee ? separate thyself, I pray thee, from 

 me: if thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or if 

 thou depart to the right hand, then I will go to the left. And Lot 

 lifted up his eyes, and beheld all the plain of Jordan, that it was well 



