THE RENT AND VALUE OF FARM LAND 629 



the tenant to use the farm manure to the best advantage. Hay land 

 is sometimes rented for two-thirds the price paid for grain land in 

 order to encourage the keeping of live stock. The average cash rent 

 is about $5 per acre. The landlord takes an interest in furnishing 

 building material and repairs according to his desire to have live stock 

 on the farm. The tenant usually hauls building material for perma- 

 nent improvements and the tiles used in draining the farm. As a 

 result of bargaining, many modifications are found. 



Share-cash renting. In share-cash renting, a certain price per 

 acre or a lump sum is paid for hay and pasture land and a share of 

 one-third to one-half of the crop is given for the use of the grain land. 

 The share going to the landlord varies with the productivity of the 

 land and the certainty of getting a crop. The landlord furnishes the 

 real estate and most of the material and skilled labor used in making 

 necessary improvements. He pays the taxes on his property and 

 occasionally furnishes part or all of the grass seed. The tenant fur- 

 nishes all the working capital and labor used in operating the farm 

 and pays all operating expenses, including all of the twine and thresh- 

 ing bills. Owing to the heavy expenses of seed, twine, and threshing, 

 the tenant generally pays a smaller share of the small grains than he 

 does of corn. The contract usually calls for g^ain to be delivered at 

 the nearest market, subject to the landlord's instructions. 



Bushel renting. In bushel renting, the tenant contracts to sell all 

 his corn to the landlord at 15 cents per bushel. If the tenant furnishes 

 all the working capital, the landlord agrees to pay him 20 cents per 

 bushel for the corn. The tenant pays cash for a few acres of corn 

 the landlord allows him for feed. In case the landlord permits him 

 to raise any small grains, he pays one-half or two-thirds. Hay is 

 seldom grown on bushel-rented farms. Where tenants furnish their 

 own work horses they are compelled to erect most of the farm buildings 

 themselves. 



On bushel-rented farms the landlord is a cattle feeder and wants 

 the grain from the farm for his live stock. A central farm operated 

 by the owner is usually down in grass and it is used partly for pasture 

 in summer and for feeding purposes during the winter. By having 

 one set of buildings on the central farm, the landlord is able to econo- 

 mize labor and building material for the keeping of live stock. The 

 landlord takes an active part in the supervision of the farm and often 

 furnishes a large share of the working capital. He also advances 

 credit to the tenant for living and operating expenses. While most 



