AGRICULTURAL WAGES 821 



the immigration at present to the Gulf States seems significant. In 

 1910 Tampa had 5,386 alien arrivals; Miami, 1,787; Key West, 

 2,457; Galveston, 4,996; and New Orleans, 3,604, with only a few 

 hundreds in all at other ports. 



In the other Southern States the "nation-wide patriotic and 

 philanthropic movement for the distribution of immigration" is not 

 being welcomed. Texas would have to repeal one of the provisions 

 of its constitution before it could establish a state immigration 

 bureau. The Missouri legislature in Feburaiy threw out the appro- 

 priation for the state board of immigration, and Kansas City, St. 

 Louis, and other cities of the state will lose $25,000 advanced by 

 them during the last two years for the support of the board. Georgia, 

 through a convention of its Farmers' Union, which has 80,000 mem- 

 bers, decided a few months ago that it wants no immigrants. In 

 Mississippi the Farmers' Educational Co-operative Union passed 

 resolutions in July, 1908, declaring its members "irrevocably opposed 

 to the present tide of undesirable immigration now pouring into this 

 country." North Carolina, through its bureau of labor, made a 

 canvass of its possible need of immigrants and it found a strong 

 opposition to the inducement or distribution of foreign cheap labor. 

 South Carolina five years ago established a state bureau of immi- 

 gration, appropriated considerable money to it, and, with a fund 

 raised among cotton mill owners, real estate dealers, and others 

 pecuniarily interested, its commissioners went abroad and brought 

 two shiploads of immigrants from Belgium, and distributed them to 

 the number of 762 to various places, but in two years few if any of 

 these induced immigrants were to be found in the state. Conse- 

 quently, March 4, 1909, a law was passed forbidding a state official 

 "to attempt directly or indirectly to bring immigrants into the state 

 of South Carolina." Virginia and North Carolina, which for a time 

 had been taken in with South Carolina on the distribution scheme, 

 after a brief experience suppressed their share in it by refusing to 

 appropriate any more funds for the purpose. 



The sentiments and views of the farmers, the small business men, 

 and the wage workers of the South were thus expressed by T. J. 

 Brooks, representing the Farmers' Educational and Co-operative 

 Union before the Congressional Committee on Immigration and 

 Naturalization, March 8, 1910: 



The only demand for foreign immigration throughout the agricultural 

 districts of the South and West comes really from the transportation 



