AGRICULTURAL WAGES 833 



the preceding year, $27.43 five years ago, and $19.97 fifteen years ago. 

 State averages last year ranged from $16.50 in South Carolina to $56 

 in Nevada. 



Wages per month, including board, averaged $21.05, compared 

 with $21.38 in the preceding year, $20.01 five years ago, and $13.90 

 fifteen years ago. State averages last year ranged from $12 in South 

 Carolina to $39 in Nevada. 



Day labor other than harvest, without board, averaged $1.45 a 

 day, compared with $1.50 the preceding year and $1.29 five years 

 ago. State averages ranged from $0.82 in South Carolina to $2.54 

 in Montana. 



Day labor other than harvest, with board, averaged $1.13, com- 

 pared with $1.1 6 a year ago and $1.03 five years ago. State averages 

 ranged from $0.64 in South Carolina to $1.80 in Montana. 



Day labor at harvest time, without board, averaged $1.91, com- 

 pared with $1.94 a year ago and $1.71 five years ago. State averages 

 ranged from $1.06 in Mississippi to $3.25 in North Dakota. 



Day labor at harvest time, with board, averaged $1.55, compared 

 with $1.57 a year ago and $1.43 five years ago. State averages 

 ranged from $0.82 in Mississippi to $2.68 in North Dakota. 



The reductions in wages as compared with the preceding year were 

 greatest in the Southern States, due largely to the depression in the 

 cotton market; but all sections showed some reduction, although a 

 few states showed slight advances hi some kinds of employment 



267. THE FARMER'S INCOME 1 

 BY E. A. GOLDENWEISER 



According to figures secured for the Thirteenth Census, for the 

 year 1909, the average value of crops per farm was $511 and of live- 

 stock products $177 per farm. In addition to these sources of income, 

 animals sold and animals slaughtered on the farm show an average 

 value of $288 per farm, and the value of house rent and of food and fuel 

 consumed by the family but not reported in the census is estimated 

 at $260. 



The total earnings of farms and farm families arrived at in this 

 way were thus about $1,236 per farm. The farm expenses, for labor, 

 fertilizer, feed, seed, threshing, animals purchased, taxes, and miscel- 

 laneous items averaged $432 and a maintenance charge of 5 per cent 



1 Adapted from the American Economic Review, VI (March, 1916), 42-48. 



