SURVEYING 23 



ing ten to the head chainman, who counts them. The head 

 chainman then leads away with the chain or tape toward the 

 point to which the distance is to be measured. When the 

 rear end of the extended tape is near the starting point, the 

 rear chainman calls "chain" or "tape," as signal for the head 

 chainman not to go too far. The chain is then stretched full 

 length, and the rear chainman lines the front chainman with 

 the objective point by motioning with his head or other- 

 wise indicating the direction he should move. When the 

 head chainman has the chain in line, the rear chainman calls 

 "'stick," indicating that he has the chain to the pin. The 

 head chainman then pulls the chain tight, and sets a pin, 

 calling "stuck." The rear chainman pulls the rear pin, 

 and both men move ahead and repeat the operation from 

 the second pin; and so on. When the head chainman has 

 placed his ten pins, he calls "tally," and waits for the rear 

 chainman to walk forward to him and give him the ten pins 

 he has collected. 



Pacing. The ability to estimate distances accurately by 

 pacing is often useful. Skill may be developed by pacing 

 known distances until the length of the individual pace is 

 determined and can be regulated. 



QUESTIONS 



1. What instruments are needed in making a practical survey of a 

 tract of land where the boundaries are known? 



2. Describe the Gunter's chain. 



3. Recite the four tables used in measuring surfaces. 



4. Describe the differences in tapes. 



5. Describe the use of range poles. Of marking pins. 



6. How is the chain cared for? The steel tape? 



7. Describe the process of chaining. 



8. In what way will the ability to estimate distances by pacing 

 be useful? 



