168 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 



Buck Scraper. The buck scraper is sometimes called 

 the Fresno, and is used extensively in irrigated regions in 

 preparing land for irrigation. It is capable of being adjusted 

 to spread the earth in a layer of almost any thickness when 



dumped. These scrapers are 

 made 3J/2, 4, and 5 feet wide, 

 and have capacities of 8, 10, 

 and 12 cubic feet, respec- 

 tively. 



The Wheel Scraper. The 



Fig. 89. Buck scraper. 



wheel scraper consists of a 



steel scoop on wheels and equipped with levers for raising 

 and lowering and for dumping. It is used where the earth is 

 to be moved some distance, 

 100 feet or more. The size of 

 this scraper is usually desig- 

 nated by numbers 1, 2, and 

 3, which have the capacities 

 of 9, 12, and 16 cubic feet, 

 respectively. There are sev- 

 eral grades of construction 

 to be obtained. If the haul, 

 or distance the earth is to be 

 moved, is great, the larger 



. ' . , , ' Fig. 90. Wheel scraper, dumped. 



size should be used, even if 



an extra team or "snap " be required to help load the scraper. 

 The Scraping Grader. The scraping grader is the princi- 

 pal machine used in the construction of earth roads. It con- 

 sists usually of a four-wheeled truck, with a wide steel blade 

 mounted underneath, which may be adjusted to almost any 

 angle. The standard machine requires four or more horses 

 to operate it successfully in average soil. A lighter or 

 special machine is made which can be used for repair work, 



