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and is often used with two or four horses. In addition to the 

 machines with four-wheeled trucks, there are quite a number 

 of machines on the market in which attempts are made to 

 simplify the construction, and also to reduce the cost. The 

 standard scraping grader costs from $200 to $250 at the 

 factory. In addition to the usual adjustments provided 

 for setting the cutting blade to any angle with the direction 

 of travel, for raising and lowering either end and giving it 



Fig. 91. A scraping grader and a horse roller at work. 



any desired inclination forward or backward, the wheels 

 of the machine are made to follow in the furrows of the blade, 

 or may be adjusted at such an angle as to resist the side 

 thrust due to using the blade at an angle with the direction 

 of travel. The use of the scraping grader is quite simple, 

 but much skill may be obtained by experience. In using a 

 machine it is customary to plow a furrow at the side of the 



