440 - AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 



Patented mangers may be purchased which rest on the floor, 

 having no bottoms, and which may be raised out of the way 

 for cleaning. 



Ventilation. (See Chapter LXXXIV on this subject.) 

 Stalls. Stalls for dairy cattle vary in length from 4 to 

 5 feet, and in width from 3 to 4 feet. The requirements of 

 the different breeds in this respect vary widely. The length 

 refers to the distance from the manger to the gutter. A 

 stall 4 feet 6 inches long and 3 feet 6 inches wide is suitable 

 for average conditions. 



Wooden stalls or partitions are being rapidly displaced 

 by metal ones. The modern stall, as shown in Fig. 282, is 

 made entirely of pipe or tubing, with bolted connections. 

 The size of pipe or tubing generally used has an outside 

 diameter of 1^ or 1J^ inches. 



Fig. 283. Cross-section through stalls in a modern dairy barn. 



Cow Ties. One quite satisfactory method of securing 

 cows in the stalls is by means of a strap around the neck 

 snapped to a ring in a chain extending between the posts 

 of the stall. This device permits of a reasonable amount 

 of freedom for the cow. 



The stanchion, however, is the device more generally 

 used, and the later models of swinging stanchions leave little 

 to be desired. The old-style fixed stanchions were too 

 rigid, but the present forms are supported at the top and 

 bottom by short lengths of chain, giving greater freedom of 

 movement to the cow. 



