such as alfalfa and grain. Where more valuable crops are grown, such as potatoes, 

 fruits and market vegetables, the pumping lift may be 1 00 feet or more and still be 

 within economical limits. The field that is thus opened is one to which very little attention 

 has yet been given. Nevertheless, it is bound to challenge marked attention in the 

 immediate future. Not only is the electrically-driven pump, in time, coming into its own 

 in this State as a means of stimulating the flows of artesian or driven wells, but in many 

 places water in abundance may be found in gravel strata 20 to 30 feet below the surface, 

 and here the farmer may dig his well at odd times without appreciable expense and 

 install a pumping plant at not excessive cost. Also, there are many places where it will 

 be found cheaper to pump the water from a stream having little grade or fall to the 

 land on its bank, than to secure rights of way and construct a ditch several miles in 

 length to bring it upon the land by gravity flow. 



An artesian well with an insufficient flow may be equipped with a pumping plant 

 and a very large flow obtained. It is to be remembered that the pressure of a column of 

 water 50 feet high is 21.68 Ibs. per square inch; hence a pump in an artesian well, 

 taking the lift 50 feet below the surface, may increase the flow surprisingly. More often 

 than otherwise it will be found far more economical if electric power is available to equip 

 a well with a pumping plant than to sink additional wells to secure the required amount 

 of water. In recent years a great advance has been made in deep-well and centrifugal 

 pumps suitable for irrigation pumping. One style of pump may be adapted to one set of 

 conditions and unsuited to another, and it is very desirable that those contemplating the 

 installation of a pumping plant get the best disinterested engineering advice. The Nevada 

 farmer who is in doubt as to what style of pumping plant he may require should take 

 up the matter with the State Engineer. 



TRANSPORTATION 



The practical homeseeker who has read the foregoing, with his interest and attention 

 awakened, will at once put the question: "What are your market conditions? If I raise 

 crops in Nevada, can I sell them? What are the transportation facilities to ship in what 

 I require and to get to market what I produce?'* 



Replying to the latter question first: Three transcontinental railroad lines cross the 

 State from east to west, the Southern Pacific, the Western Pacific (only recently com- 

 pleted), and the San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad. The first two traverse 

 northern and central Nevada and the last mentioned, southern Nevada. In addition to 

 these main lines, there are branches and feeders traversing the agricultural valleys and 

 extending to the leading mining camps, aggregating a total length of over 1 ,000 miles. 



Until within about a year, freight rates were excessively high. Since the rulings, how- 

 ever, of the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1910 and 1911 on class and commodity 

 rates affecting Nevada, transportation charges are as reasonable as elsewhere. The effect 

 of these traffic decisions is already felt in stimulating the industrial growth of the principal 

 towns on the transcontinental lines. This is more particularly true of Reno, the metropolis 

 of the State, which, by reason of its location as a distributing point, is succeeding to the 

 wholesaling business for northern, central and western Nevada, hitherto monopolized by 

 the Coast terminals. 



Railroad transportation at reasonable rates therefor may be found conveniently 

 accessible to nearly all the valleys, the exceptions being those in the extreme northern 

 and south-central parts. Projected railroad lines are surveyed to traverse much of this 

 territory. 



THE MARKET FOR FARM CROPS 



The market conditions in Nevada for home-grown agricultural products are unsur- 

 passed in America. This is a large statement to make, but is borne out by an investigation 

 of the facts. 



We must remember that, relatively, only about the one-hundredth part of the entire 

 area of the State is under cultivation, and that the greater portion of the population is not 



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