HORSES 307 



7. Scratches; sores under fetlocks from filth or dampness. 



8. Windgalls; puffs around fetlock joint from hard driving 



or standing on hard floors. 



9. Cocked ankles; ankles bent forward from misuse. 



10. Navicular disease; contracted foot, favored in action. 



11. Toe cracks; transverse checks across the hoof. 



12. Quarter racks; split in hoof extending up to heel. 



13. Corns; (what? where?) (describe cause.) 



14. Thrush. 



15. Knocked-down hip; one hip lower than the other from 



blow. 



16. Spavin; either bog, or bone, indicating sprain or injury. 



17. Thorough-pin; (describe cause.) 



18. Curb; enlargement at back of hock from sprain. 

 General defects 



1. St. Vitus's Dance; twitching of muscles. 



2. Crampness; tendency for muscles to cramp. 



3. Stringhalt; one or both hind feet lifted too high. 



4. Roaring; a wheezing, roaring sound in breathing; from 



bad wind. 



5. Heaves; spasmodic breathing. 

 Vices 



1. Cribbing; habit of biting mangers, posts, etc., caused by 



teeth trouble. 



2. Windsucking; habit of biting, and at the same time suck- 



ing in air. 



3. Halter pulling; habit of pulling back when tied. 



4. Biting; vicious tendency to bite people or other horses. 



5. Balking; refusing to move when commanded. 



' 6. Rolling in stall; likely to become "cast" and cause in- 

 jury. 



7. Kicking; showing vicious temper. 



8. Striking; with front feet to injure attendant. 



6. The Care of Horses 



The horse is the most intelligent and companionable of 

 the farm animals. It quickly shows the effects of ill treat- 

 ment or lack of care and, on the other hand, easily responds 

 to training and good usage. 



