21 



(i2.) The Horn and Ear. The Horn should be comparatively short, 

 moderately thick, well-shaped, flattish and waxy, not clean and 

 white, nor blackened, except at the very tips. It should incline 

 outwards and not much upwards. Value, 20 marks. The Ear 

 should be large, thin, yellowish inside, erect, lively in action, and 

 hairy. Value, 5 marks. 



III. FORM. 



Form may be described as symmetry and utility of carcase i.e., a 

 handsome, well-devebped, healthy frame, with fulness and largeness 

 in all the prime parts, and smallness in the inferior and offal. 



Of Form again there are four sub-divisions i fore-quarter, 2 

 middle, 3 hind-quarter, and 4 legs, 6c.; and in the first of these sub- 

 divisions, fore-quarter, there are 9 points, namely : 



(13.) The Neck and Throat. The neck should be clean, somewhat 

 long and arching (bull-necked), which shows strength and mas- 

 culine vigour, a most essential point ; but the rise of the arch 

 of the neck should never extend to the shoulders, and the neck 

 should be fine at the setting on of the head. The neck-vein 

 ought to be well developed, and should run full and evenly into 

 the shoulder. The throat should be fine, clean, and free from 

 superfluous skin. Value, 40 marks. 



(14.) TheHreast. The space between the fore legs, viewed in front, 

 should be wide, full, and swelling, indicating thickness through 

 the heart and capacity of chest. - Value, 20 marks. 



(15.) The Brisket should be full, deep, broad, and projecting for- 

 ward in front of the leg, and downwards nearly to the knee. 

 There should be no dewlap, beyond a slight, pendulous thread. 

 Although a deep brisket is not an absolute guarantee of a deep 

 chest, the two generally go together. A deep brisket is not 

 always to be met with in well-shaped cattle, but it is indicative 

 of a propensity to fatten. Value, 25 marks. 



(i 6.) The Crops the top of the shoulder should be full and well 

 covered with flesh, but not too wide. If they are very thick, 

 straight, and open the animal will never have good action. Value, 

 15 marks. 



(17.) The Shoulder should be well developed and covered with 

 muscle from its point to the crops. The shoulder-blade should 

 be fairly laid back to insure action and a good fore-flank. A 

 too upright shoulder invariably entails a protuberant, bare 

 shoulder-point and meagre fore-flank both bad faults. Value, 

 30 marks. 



(18.) The Forearm should be broad, large, straight, and muscular. 

 Value, 5 marks. 



