Treating Frozen Trees. 315 



gain its former usefulness. New tissue must be 

 developed as quickly as possible, in order to carry 

 forward and to maintain the vegetative energies. 

 This new tissue is laid on over the old, and the 

 old thereby quickly becomes sealed in, so to speak, 

 and removed from the agencies of decay. Every 

 observant fruit-grower knows that if a tree which is 

 severely winter -injured in limb and trunk were to 

 bear even a partial crop of fruit in the coming sea- 

 son, it would very likely die outright. If, however, 

 all its energies were directed to the development of 

 new tissue, the injury would soon be overgrown. 

 The injured wood, like the heartwood of the tree, is 

 soon removed from active participation in the vital 

 processes. It therefore follows that the danger re- 

 sulting from the browning or blackening of the wood 

 by winter- injury depends very much upon the sub- 

 sequent treatment of the trees. Fig. 48 shows the 

 body of a young plum tree (in longitudinal and 

 cross-wise sections) which was frozen black in the 

 severe winter of 1895-6. It was heavily pruned in 

 the spring of 1896, and in the fall had made a ring 

 of bright new wood, which was amply sufficient to 

 maintain the tree in perfect health for a long life. 

 This appearance is common in nursery stock the 

 year following a very hard winter, but such trees 

 may not be permanently injured. 



There are instances in which this heavy heading- 

 back seems to do more harm than good. These are 

 cases in which the entire tree is almost uniformly in- 

 jured, and the plant se^ms to need the stimulus of 



