Root Troubles. 



he does not discover them in 

 season . The various protec- 

 tive washes which are ad- 

 vised for keeping borers out 

 of trees are of very doubtful 

 efficiency. 



The roots of fruit trees 

 and brambles are very likely 

 to be affected with large tuber- 

 like swellings or galls, which 

 have been the subject of a 

 good deal of uneasiness in 

 various parts of the country. 

 One of these is shown in 

 Fig. 64. So far as known, 

 these galls are not conta- 

 gious, and the amount of harm 

 which they do has probably 

 been overstated. The root- 

 knot of the southern states 

 and of greenhouses is a 

 wholly different trouble, and 

 is the work of a nematodo 

 worm. There is also a root 

 swelling or gall on raspber- 

 ries, due to the work of an 

 insect. The nematode galls 

 are commonly smaller and 

 softer swellings, and occur on 

 the younger or smaller roots, Fi f- * Root KaU on '"P 1 *"*- 



(From Bull. 100, Cornell Exp. 



and appear not to occur in st ) 



