When to Spray. 369 



insects which chew the leaves or shoots, such as 

 the codliii-rnoth, bud -moth, canker-worm, potato - 

 beetle, tent -caterpillar, and the like, kerosene emul- 

 sion* is used for scale -insects and plant -lice. Bor- 

 deaux mixture and ammoniacal carbonate of copper 

 are used to prevent the attacks of fungous parasites, 

 as apple -scab, leaf -blight of the pear, quince and 

 plum, potato -blight, and such like. Bordeaux is the 

 better all-round fungicide, but the copper carbonate 

 solution! does not discolor the fruit, and may there- 

 fore be used if very late sprayings are necessary. 



The times and seasons of spraying depend entirely 

 upon the enemies which it is desired to reach, and 

 upon the weather. 



8. The time to spray must be determined for each 

 jHuiicular case. The grower himself must decide 

 when and how often to spray, because he should 



* KEROSENE EMULSION. 



Hard soap K pound 



Boiling water (preferably soft water) 1 gallon 



Kerosene 2 gallons 



Dissolve the soap in the watsr, add the kerosene, and churn with a pump 

 for 5 to 10 minutes. Dilute 4 to 25 times before applying. Use strong emulsion 

 (diluted 4 to 9 times) in winter for scale Insects. 



Some of the recent pumps emulsify kerosene and water, and make a very 

 efficient spraying material. One part of oil to 4 or 5 of water is safe on foliage, 

 particularly in sunny weather. 



t AMMONIACAL COPPER CARBONATE. 



Copper carbonate , 1 ounce 



Ammonia, enough to dissolve the copper. 



Before making the solution, the ammonia should be prepared as follows : 

 Use 26 ammonia, and dilute with 7 to 8 volumes of water. Then gradually 

 add the necessary amount to the copper carbonate until all is dissolved. It is 

 best treated in large bottles, and in them it will keep indefinitely. Dilute with 

 9 or 10 gallons of water. For same purposes as the Bordeaux mixture. 



