370 



The Principles of Fruit-growing. 



know what enemies he desires to reach. If he has 

 the bud -moth, he should spray with the first swell- 

 ing of the buds, and if he has the plum -scale he 

 should spray in the winter. But, leaving the special 

 insects aside, it is safe to say that for the two staple 

 enemies the apple -scab and the codlin-moth at 

 least two sprayings should be given. It is not yet 



clearly proved that 

 spraj'ing when the 

 tree is dormant has 

 any appreciable ef- 

 fect in destroying the 

 apple- scab fungus. 

 As a general state- 

 ment one may say, 

 spray twice upon ap- 

 ples and pears, once 

 just as the fruit-buds 

 break open but be- 

 fore the flowers ex- 

 pand (Fig. 76), and again just as the last blossoms fall. 

 In both cases, use a combination of Bordeaux mix- 

 ture and Paris green. The first spraying is for the 

 scab fungus in particular, and for this the Bordeaux 

 is used ; but the Paris green will most likely be of 

 service in destroying various leaf -eating insects. The 

 second spraying is for the codlin-moth in particular, 

 and for this the Paris green is used ; but the Bor- 

 deaux mixture will still be needed for the apple -scab 

 and other fungi. Whether or not it is necessary to 

 spray again will depend largely upon the season. 



Fig. 76. Showing when apple tre?s 

 ready for the first spraying 



