Associations and Pools. 471 



next course is placed with the ends snugly against the ends 

 of the first course, so that the air spaces are continuous. 

 When the center of the car is reached, begin in the other 

 end and load in the same way. A space will usually be 

 left at the last, too narrow to admit another course of pack- 

 ages; and the car must now be braced, to prevent the 

 courses from shifting endwise. Pieces of one by six inch 

 boards are set up against the ends of each rank of packages, 

 and other strips are nailed across these uprights, near the 

 bottom and the top of the car. The distance between these 

 opposite cross-pieces is now carefully measured, and pieces 

 of board are cut for braces about an inch longer than this 

 space, so that they will have to be driven home with con- 

 siderable force. The braces are toe-nailed in place, to pre- 

 vent their falling, if they should chance to loosen in the 

 bumping of the car. When thus loaded and braced, the con- 

 tents are absolutely immovable, yet each package is separated 

 from its neighbors on all sides by a layer of cold air, which, 

 when it becomes warmed by the hot fruit, rises, and is car- 

 ried by the currents thus generated to the ice, where it is 

 quickly cooled again, and where it deposits the moisture that 

 may have been taken up from the fruit. This rapid circu- 

 lation of the air is very important, and the ice, instead of 

 making the fruit damp, as might at first be thought, really 

 serves to dry it very effectually." 



Shipping associations. In many parts of the 

 country, the grower, if he is a good business man, 

 can find a special market for all that he can raise ; 

 but, in general, it is no doubt true that a thoroughly 

 competent organization of fruit men is the best 

 means through which to distribute fruit. Such an 

 organization should make it a particular business to 

 determine just where the best markets are, and to 

 make out lists of those towns which are within 

 practicable reach of the fruit region, with the popu- 



