Principles of Plant Culture. 



than the leaf -buds, especially toward spring. Close and 

 persistent observation will enable the horticulturist to 

 early distinguish the flower-buds in many of his perennial 

 plants. 



In the apple and pear, the buds on the so-called fruit- 

 spurs are not necessarily flower-buds, but some seasons 

 all are leaf- buds. How early in the life of the bud its 

 character is fixed, or if flower-buds ever change to leaf- 

 buds before expanding, does not appear to be known. 

 The fact that leafy shoots sometimes 

 grow out of the center of flowers, 

 and that petals (143) are sometimes 



FIG. 44. Fruit spur of the pear. Reduced 

 one-half. (After Barry). 



FIG. 43. Fruit spurs of developed as leaves, suggest that 

 the apple. A, points at such a change may occur. 



which apples were detach- 

 ed the preceding year ; w, In the grape, flowers appear at 



wrinkles marking points th firgt two three Qr four nodes o f 



at which fruit and leaves 



were detached in previous the young shoots that gTOW from 



Ha a rdy ) . K< * stems formed the preceding season 



(canes} and the shoot continues to grow beyond the 

 flowers. The raspberry, blackberry and dewberry bloom 

 like the grape, except that the flowers form the end of 

 shoots. In the strawberry, the terminal bud of the 



