144 



Principles of Plant Culture. 



243. Insufficient Pruning Prevents the formation of 

 Fruit-Buds in orchard trees by restricting light and thus 

 reducing food formation (59). Com- 

 pare Fig. 65, which shows a fruit 

 branch of the apple tree grown where 

 exposed to abundant sunlight, with 

 Fig. 66, showing one grown in partial 

 shade. * 



244. Blanching of certain vegetables, 

 as celery, endive, cardoon and sea kale 

 is practiced by gardeners to render 

 them more tender and delicate. It is 

 effected by excluding the light from 

 the parts desired for use, until the 

 chlorophyll (58) mostly disappears, by 

 banking the plants with earth or in- 

 closing them in paper or in drain- tile. 

 Very close planting is sometimes prac- 

 ticed to promote blanching. 



SECTION Y. PLANTS AS AFFECTED 

 BY UNFAVORABLE WIND 



A BY EXCESSIVE WIND 



245. Damage to trees and other 

 plants by excessive wind is too famil- 

 iar to need notice, except to suggest 

 preventive measures. 



a The premature blowing off of 

 fruits may be in a measure prevented 

 by planting fruit trees where they are 

 more or less sheltered from prevailing 

 w r inds by shade trees, buildings, forests 



FIG. 65. FIG. 66. 



Fig. 65. Fruit branch 

 of apple grown in 

 abundant light. 



Fig. 66. Another 

 grown in partial shade. 



F, fruit-buds; L, leaf- 

 buds. (After Kinney). 



* See Bulletin No. 37, Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station. 



