174 Principles of Plant Culture. 



to warm the seed, before dipping it in the hot water 

 otherwise it is difficult to maintain the temperature of 

 the latter. The seed is placed in a covered basket, 

 preferably of wire cloth, in quantity not exceeding one- 

 eighth of the volume of the water ; the basket should be 

 but partially filled. Immerse the basket several times 

 in the warm water, a moment at a time, giving it a 

 rotary motion in order to bring every seed in contact 

 with the water. Then plunge it into the hot water and 

 repeat the immersions as before, carefully watching the 

 thermometer in the meantime. Should the temperature 

 fall below 132, add water of a higher temperature ; and 

 if it rises above 135, add cold water. After the seed 

 has been in the hot water ten minutes, remove the basket 

 and plunge it into cold water, then spread the seed out 

 to dry. The drying need not be thorough unless the 

 seed is to be stored for a time. 



326. Fungi that Develop from Spores Surviving the Winter 

 In or Upon the Soil, as the onion * smut, cannot be pre- 

 vented by disinfecting the seed. For this disease a mix- 

 ture of flowers of sulfur and air- slacked lime, sown with 

 the seed, has proved beneficial by preventing infection 

 of the young plant. 



327. Fungi the Spores of which Survive the Winter 

 Within their Dead-Host Plants, as in the club-root of the 

 cabbage f and turnip, and the onion mil dew, J may be 

 held in check to some extent by burning the fungus- 

 killed plants at the close of the season. 



328. Fungi that Infect their Host from Spores Deposited 

 On the Aerial Parts of the plant, as the scab of the apple 



* Eurocystis Cepula?. t Plasmidiophora Brassicce. 



% Peronospora Schleideniana. \ Fusicladium dendriticum. 



