Propagation by Grafting. 225 



united with the stock. The plants are nourished by their 

 own roots until the union takes place. 



Approach grafting is performed during or just previ- 

 ous to the growing season. The parts are held in con- 

 tact by binding them with raffia; the juncture should 

 also be waxed if the work is done in the open air. 



Two methods of approach grafting are in use: 



a A, shaving reaching into the cambium layer is re- 

 moved from both stock and graft on the sides toward 

 each other (Fig. 127), and the cut surfaces are brought 

 together and closely bound until they unite (Fig. 128), 

 after which the graft is cut off below, and the stock 

 above, the union. 



b The top of the stock is cut oif with a long sloping 

 cut, preferably behind a bud, and the cut surface of 

 the remaining part is inserted beneath the bark of the 

 graft, as described in side-grafting (393 c), except that 

 the T-cut is inverted, and the stock is inserted from be- 

 neath. 



The graft is cut off below the point of union when the 

 parts are fully united. 



In both these methods the graft should be severed 

 gradually to avoid a check to the growth. 



SECTION II. TRANSPLANTING 



400. Transplanting consists in lifting a plant from the 

 medium in which its roots are established, and in re- 

 planting the latter in a different location. Transplanting 

 is a violent operation because the younger roots with 

 their root-hairs that absorb the greater part of the water 

 required by the plant (102) are, as a rule,- largely sacri- 



