Index. 



287 



Underground stems, 78. 



Unhealed wounds introduce decay, 



245. 



Unisexual flowers, 100. 

 l'n packing plants, 281. 



Variability of offspring of crosses 

 and hybrids, 20; of plan Is, 2(H). 



Variation, and heredity, 16; how 

 can we produce, 202; may take 

 place in any direction, 17; pro- 

 duced by crossing, 263; produced 

 by culture, 2(52; produced by grow- 

 ing seedlings, 262. 



Variations, how to fix desirable, 260; 

 not always permanent, 260. 



Varieties, 18; origin of cultivated, 

 259. 



Vascular bundles defined, 51. 



Vegetables, cracks in, caused by 

 excessive moisture, 186. 



Ventilation, hotbeds require care 

 in, 69; soil needs, <>S. 



Veneer grafting, 219. 



Vigor defined, 12; of plantlet pro- 

 portionate to size of seed, 38; ten- 

 dencies of reduced, 18. 



Vital part of woody steins, 55. 



Warmth essential to germination, 

 25. 



Washing the roots of puddled 

 plants, 281. 



Water, adequate supply of most 

 important, 45; excess of, retards 

 germination, 29; excessive in soil 

 destroys roots, 133; force causing 

 to rise in stems, 60; insufficient, 

 how affecting plants. 187; manur- 

 ing increases capacity of soil for, 

 45; of plants almost wholly ab- 

 sorbed by root-hairs, 46; only 



Water 



youngest roots absorb, 72; plants 

 contain large amounts of, 57; 

 root-hairs absorb, with force, 72; 

 seeds absorb, by contact, 22. 



Water-sprouts on fruit trees, 135. 



Water supply, unfavorable, the 

 plant as affected by, 133. 



Watering, excessive, may produce 

 a dropsical condition, 185; copious, 

 at intervals preferable to frequent 

 slight watering, 134; injudicious, 

 133; of potted plants, 69; recently- 

 transplanted plants, 240. 



Weeds, 178; annual, biennial and 

 perennial, 179; cause deficient 

 light in low-growing crops, 143; 

 how destroyed, 63; plants as af- 

 fected by, 178 



Wet-bulb depression, 129. 



Whip-grafting, 214. 



White grubs, 157. 



White hellebore, 159. 



Whole-root grafts, 216. 



Wind breaks, 126. 



Wind,excessive,effectof, on plants, 

 144; insufficient, effect on the 

 plant, 145; insufficient, promotes 

 damage from frost, 145: insuffi- 

 , ' cient, promotes development of 

 fungous parasites, 145; tends to 

 avert frost, 180; unfavorable, how 

 affecting the plant, 144. 



Wood ashes, 152. 



Woodchucks, damage from, 155. 



Wood, darkening of, 121. 



Wood, maturity of, favored by a 

 dry soil, 124; by pinching termi- 

 nal buds, 124; indicated by leaf 

 fall, 111. 



Wounds, healing of, 55; unhealed, 

 introduce decay, 245. 



